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This study aimed to validate the usefulness of parent artery complex coil protection for the treatment of wide-neck, side-branched, and ruptured aneurysms. A microcatheter was first introduced into the aneurysmal sac, and another microcatheter was introduced into the parent artery or near the orifice of the branch artery. A framing coil was deployed partially from the first microcatheter, and a protection coil was deployed from the second microcatheter to prevent protrusion of the first framing coil to the parent artery and side branches. After the first framing coil insertion, the protection coil was withdrawn to confirm the stability of the framing coil and blood flow. The procedures with this technique were successful for 3 patients. Parent artery complex coil protection can be an effective and safe coil embolization technique for the preservation of parent and side branch arteries and an alternative method for emergent ruptured cases.
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Objectlve To investigate the effects of different ventilation modes on the efficacy of exogenous pulmonary surfactant(PS)for the treatment of rats with ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI).Methods Forty-two male Wistar rats weighing 310-356 g were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=7 each):group CVT6,group SVT6,group CVT10,group SVT10,group CVT14 and group SVT14.The tidal volume(VT)was set at 6,10 and 14 ml/kg respectively and the respiratory rate(RR) was 75,45 and 32 bpm respectively.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3% Pentobarbital 50 mg/kg,then tracheostomized and intubated.VILI model was induced by high-pressure ventilation (HPV) with peak inspimtory pressure (PIP) 40 cm H2O and without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).The air was injected into the trachea via the airway at the end ofexpiration before HPV (T0,baseline value) and 15-25 min of HPV,the airway pressure monitored and the lung compliance(C) calculated.When C was decreased to half of the baseline value,PEEP was increased to 7.5 cm H20.After the tracheal edema fluid was removed,the PS 100 mg/kg was immediately injected into the trachea in group SVT6,SVT10 and SVT14.The equal volume of air was injected into the trachea in group CVT6,CVT10 and CVr14 instead of PS.Then the rats in different groups were ventilated with the corresponding ventilation modes.MAP was monitored and blood samples were token from femoral artery for blood gas analysis at T0, 5 min after HPV (T1 ), and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min (T2-6) after administration of PS. The tracheal edema fluid was collected at T1 and T6.The rats were killed at T6 and the lung tissues taken for microscopic examination. Results With the same ventilation mode, the VILI was significantly alleviated after administration of PS. With different ventilation modes,the lung injury was significantly reduced in group SVT 10 compared with the other groups. Conclusion The efficacy of PS for the treatment of rats with VILI is good using the ventilation strategy with VT of 10 ml/kg and RR of 45 bpm.
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<b>Preface and Objectives</b><br> Cholera has recently become more serious in African countries. In southern Africa, a serious cholera outbreak was reported in 2008. Here we investigate <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> in aquatic environments, rivers, tube well waters, fish tissues, and aquatic plants in Zambia.<br><b>Methods</b><br> The sampling was conducted on Kafue and Zambezi rivers as well as at public wells. The samples included river water, mud, fish, floating grass, and well water. All samples were enriched in alkaline peptone water (APW) and streaked on thiosulfate citrate bilesalts saccharos (TCBS) Vibrio agar. Some types of colonies were isolated using polymyxin mannose tellurite (PMT) agar. All water samples were analyzed for enterobacteria as well as vibrio contamination. River and shallow tube well water samples were analyzed for <i>E. coli</i>.<br><b>Results</b><br> Samples, including fish tissues, river, and tube well waters, except for the fish intestines, were found to be contaminated with vibrios when cultured on TCBS Vibrio agar.<br> Deep tube well water was not contaminated with vibrios or <i>E. coli. V. cholerae</i> El Tor was not detected through sampling and culturing on PMT agar. <i>E. coli</i> was detected in river and shallow tube well water samples.<br><b>Discussion</b><br> Vibrios were detected in Zambia’s aquatic environments. Cholera outbreak may occur. Vibrio contaminations in fish have been reported from Bangladesh, Laos, Kenya, and India. Fish is a good source of protein to improve person’s nutritional status. However, it must be treated properly so that any contamination of residential areas is avoided. Therefore, people must pay attention to fish.<br><b>Conclusion</b><br> Here several types of <i>V. cholerae</i> were isolated from different aquatic environments. Fish is a nutritious diet, but contaminated Vibrios fish must be treated so that it will not contaminate residential areas. We must investigate the gateway of cholera outbreaks in Zambia.
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<B>Introduction</B><br> Currently Cambodia depends on imported foods from Viet Nam and Thailand. To address this situation, the Asian Sustainable Village Network OKAYAMA that the author belongs to, has been cooperating with Cambodian Federal Farmers Organization, a local NGO to undertake a farming project. The importance of agricultural promotion mainly in vegetable farming sector was examined and it is hoped that this project will reduce malnutrition in Cambodia, particularly among the rural poor who suffer with malnutrition, disease and disorder related conditions and will make Cambodia a sustainable society.<br><B>Method</B><br> In order to determine agricultural conditions, we investigated market places in Phnom Penh and examined utilizing farmland in Kampong Cham. In addition, we visited market places in rural districts and farmers' homes to gain more information about eating habits of the population. To find out farming production we referred to statistical data from Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture. A PubMed review was undertaken to determine aspects of malnutrition.<br><B>Results</B><br> Phnom Penh is a very busy place for the daily sale of perishable vegetables which are predominantly transported from Viet Nam. Cambodia, despite of its little irrigation system, and another technical problems is sufficient in its production due to its large farming area. Recently, cassava cultivation has increased in Cambodia in order to meet increasing demands in bio-fuel. We came to know that Cambodians do not have a favorable opinion about vegetables imported from Viet Nam. One of the dissatisfaction voted by the people in Cambodia is that the vegetables from Viet Nam have excessive chemical contamination and they lack in freshness. Restaurants and supermarkets in Phnom Penh preferred local products if they were available. In farming areas the production and consumption of vegetables are limited. For many, vegetables are a luxury. Meals predominantly consist of rice, small dried salted fish and some herbs. This situation is considered a leading factor of malnutrition. <br><B>Conclusion</B><br> As a result of the limited production and supply of vegetables in Cambodia, vegetable consumption is limited and viewed as a luxury. This situation has led to a mal-balanced diet and requires considerable effort to uplift vegetable production in Cambodia to reverse the imbalance of nutritional intake. Thus it can be very well said that agricultural promotion in Cambodia, particularly in vegetable sector is deemed extremely important for the future development of Cambodia.
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<b>Objectives</b><br> Many ethnic groups live in northern hilly area in Lao people’s Democratic Republic. We can find some delays of development by the geographical and cultural reasons. This research clarified what kind of awareness about children’s health among the minority people living with their specificlifestyles and circumstances.<br><b>Methods</b><br> The participatory research for health problems was conducted to Khamu people at C-village in northern Laos. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Mothers who have children aged less than 10 years, were interviewed about illness of children and its treatment. The author interviewed about health problems with some key persons who were important position in the village.<br><b>Results</b><br> At C-village, they produced sticky rice which was their staple food. They depended on other food from forests. Mothers are aware that their children were always healthy when children were vigorous. Mothers brought their children to the hospital in spite of its long way when children got illness. Children had some experiences of malaria, diarrhea and other illnesses. Villagers stored up the knowledge of illness by themselves with their experience that children getting serious by specific illness. The key persons were also aware of health problems, for example malaria or parasite diseases.<br><b>Conclusion</b><br> At C-village, in recent years they didn’t suffer serious starving. Houses were comfortable because of its well-ventilated against hotness but structure of their houses can’t prevent children’s health by the aggression of mosquito, and smoke from kitchen. Their lives were exposed to some harmful influence; by malaria and pastured animals. About children’s health, mothers were aware of some specific illness and brought children to hospital. Mothers thought that their children had not any problems of health when they were vigorous and active. Many children had suffered some illness and villagers stored up the knowledge of illness by themselves with their experience that children got serious situation by specific illness.<br>The key-persons and villagers expected infrastructural developments such as the high-way which was under construction at that time.